The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor, sentence 1

Those years were like a playground where five bigger kids fight over one ball at once: Bolsheviks, White Russian armies, Ukrainian governments, Polish troops and peasant armies like Nestor Makhno's all fought over the land (the Bolsheviks were Lenin's Communists, who had taken power in Russia), and in the end most of Ukraine became a Soviet republic.

Who acts: years, five bigger kids, Bolsheviks, Communists, most · What happens: be, fight, take, become · To what, where: Communists, power, Russia, Soviet republic, end

This is a sentence of the lesson «The struggle of 1917–21 and the Holodomor» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (years, five bigger kids, Bolsheviks, Communists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 years	det
2	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 playground	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 playground	cop
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 playground	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 playground	det
6	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 fight	advmod
8	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 kids	nummod
9	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 kids	amod
10	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fight	nsubj
11	fight	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 playground	acl:relcl
12	over	over	ADP	_	14 ball	case
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 ball	nummod
14	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fight	obl
15	at	at	ADP	_	16 once	case
16	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	11 fight	obl
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 Bolsheviks	punct
18	Bolsheviks	bolshevik	PROPN	Number=Plur	37 fought	nsubj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 armies	punct
20	White	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 armies	amod
21	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 armies	amod
22	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Bolsheviks	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 governments	punct
24	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 governments	amod
25	governments	government	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Bolsheviks	conj
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 troops	punct
27	Polish	polish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 troops	amod
28	troops	troops	NOUN	Number=Ptan	18 Bolsheviks	conj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 armies	cc
30	peasant	peasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 armies	amod
31	armies	army	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 Bolsheviks	conj
32	like	like	ADP	_	34 Makhno	case
33	Nestor	nestor	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 Makhno	compound
34	Makhno	Makhno	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Bolsheviks	nmod
35	's	's	PART	_	34 Makhno	case
36	all	all	ADV	_	37 fought	advmod
37	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 playground	parataxis
38	over	over	ADP	_	40 land	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 land	det
40	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 fought	obl
41	(	(	PUNCT	_	43 Bolsheviks	punct
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 Bolsheviks	det
43	Bolsheviks	bolshevik	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 land	appos
44	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	47 Communists	cop
45	Lenin	Lenin	PROPN	Number=Sing	47 Communists	nmod:poss
46	's	's	PART	_	45 Lenin	case
47	Communists	Communist	PROPN	Number=Plur	43 Bolsheviks	nmod
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 taken	punct
49	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	51 taken	nsubj
50	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	51 taken	aux
51	taken	take	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	47 Communists	acl:relcl
52	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 taken	obj
53	in	in	ADP	_	54 Russia	case
54	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	51 taken	obl
55	)	)	PUNCT	_	47 Communists	punct
56	,	,	PUNCT	_	64 became	punct
57	and	and	CCONJ	_	64 became	cc
58	in	in	ADP	_	60 end	case
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	60 end	det
60	end	end	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 became	obl
61	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	64 became	nsubj
62	of	of	ADP	_	63 Ukraine	case
63	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	61 most	nmod
64	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 fought	conj
65	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	67 republic	det
66	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	Number=Sing	67 republic	compound
67	republic	republic	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 became	xcomp
68	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 playground	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	that years				like a playground	tree rules
2	fight	present	five bigger kids				over one ball	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent over ball=Theme
3	fight	past	Bolsheviks like Nestor Makhno and White Russian armies and Ukrainian governments and Polish troops and peasant armies				over the land; all property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.theme NP S_ING»: agent=Agent over land=Theme
4	is a	past		Lenin's Communists				tree rules
5	take	past · perfect	Lenin's Communists	power	Russia			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent power=Value in russia=Location
6	become	past	most of Ukraine	a Soviet republic		in the end		vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in end=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:046-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/46-the-struggle-of-1917-21-and-the-holodomor/1/