The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and the war, sentence 8
In February–March 2014 Russian troops without insignia (badges) seized Crimea; a referendum held under occupation was followed by annexation (Russia declaring the land its own), the UN General Assembly called the referendum invalid, and Russia later admitted the soldiers were its troops.
Who acts: 2014 Russian troops, annexation, Russia, UN General Assembly, soldiers · What happens: seize, hold, follow, declare, call, admit · To what, where: Crimea, –, referendum, occupation, land, troops · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Orange Revolution, the Maidan and the war» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2014 Russian troops, annexation, Russia, UN General Assembly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 – | case |
| 2 | February | February | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 seized | obl |
| 3 | – | – | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 seized | obl |
| 4 | March | March | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 – | flat |
| 5 | 2014 | 2014 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 troops | nummod |
| 6 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 troops | amod |
| 7 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 13 seized | nsubj |
| 8 | without | without | ADP | _ | 9 insignia | case |
| 9 | insignia | insignia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 troops | nmod |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 11 badges | punct |
| 11 | badges | badge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 insignia | appos |
| 12 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 11 badges | punct |
| 13 | seized | seize | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 called | parataxis |
| 14 | Crimea | Crimea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 seized | obj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 followed | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 referendum | det |
| 17 | referendum | referendum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 followed | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 referendum | acl |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 20 occupation | case |
| 20 | occupation | occupation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 held | obl |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 followed | aux:pass |
| 22 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 seized | parataxis |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 annexation | case |
| 24 | annexation | annexation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 followed | obl |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 Russia | punct |
| 26 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 annexation | appos |
| 27 | declaring | declare | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 Russia | acl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 land | det |
| 29 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 declaring | obj |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 own | nmod:poss |
| 31 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 declaring | xcomp |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 declaring | punct |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 called | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Assembly | det |
| 35 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Assembly | compound |
| 36 | General | General | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Assembly | flat |
| 37 | Assembly | Assembly | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 called | nsubj |
| 38 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 referendum | det |
| 40 | referendum | referendum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 called | obj |
| 41 | invalid | invalid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 called | xcomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 admitted | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 admitted | cc |
| 44 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 admitted | nsubj |
| 45 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 46 admitted | advmod |
| 46 | admitted | admit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 called | conj |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 soldiers | det |
| 48 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 troops | nsubj |
| 49 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 51 troops | cop |
| 50 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 troops | nmod:poss |
| 51 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 46 admitted | ccomp |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 seized | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seize | participle | 2014 Russian troops without insignia | Crimea | – | february | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crimea=Theme | ||
| 2 | hold | participle | a referendum not said here | occupation | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under occupation=Location | ||||
| 3 | follow | past · passive | annexation | a referendum | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | declare speech: other | gerund | Russia not said here | the land | own property | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Attribute | |||
| 5 | call speech: assert | past | the UN General Assembly | the referendum | invalid property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent referendum=Recipient | |||
| 6 | admit speech: other | past | Russia | late property | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | the soldiers | referendum's troops | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:049-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/49-the-orange-revolution-the-maidan-and-the-war/8/