China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties, sentence 17
Laozi is the traditional author of the Dao De Jing, a short book about following the natural «Way» (Dao); his very long life is a legend, and some historians doubt he was one person.
Who acts: Laozi, short book, long life, historians · What happens: be, follow, doubt · To what, where: traditional author, natural Way, legend, one person
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: five thousand years and the oldest dynasties» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Laozi, short book, long life, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laozi | Laozi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 author | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 author | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 author | det |
| 4 | traditional | traditional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 author | amod |
| 5 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Jing | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Jing | det |
| 8 | Dao | Dao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Jing | compound |
| 9 | De | De | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Dao | flat |
| 10 | Jing | Jing | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 author | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 book | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 book | det |
| 13 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 book | amod |
| 14 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Jing | appos |
| 15 | about | about | SCONJ | _ | 16 following | mark |
| 16 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 book | acl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Way | det |
| 18 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Way | amod |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 20 Way | punct |
| 20 | Way | Way | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 following | obj |
| 21 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 20 Way | punct |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 Dao | punct |
| 23 | Dao | Dao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Way | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 Dao | punct |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 legend | punct |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 life | nmod:poss |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 long | advmod |
| 28 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 life | amod |
| 29 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 legend | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 legend | cop |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 legend | det |
| 32 | legend | legend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 Jing | appos |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 doubt | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 doubt | cc |
| 35 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 historians | det |
| 36 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 doubt | nsubj |
| 37 | doubt | doubt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 author | conj |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 person | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 person | cop |
| 40 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 41 person | nummod |
| 41 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 doubt | ccomp |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 author | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Laozi | the traditional author | of the Dao Jing | tree rules | |||
| 2 | follow | gerund | a short book not said here | the natural Way | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | Laozi's long life | a legend | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | doubt | present | some historians | vn judgment-33.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | Laozi | one person | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:051-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×6. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/51-china-five-thousand-years-the-oldest-dynasties/17/