China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages, sentence 11

The biggest treasure ships are said to have been about 120 m long; many historians think they were smaller, but they were still much bigger than Columbus's ships.

Who acts: many historians, ships · What happens: say, have, be, think · To what, where: biggest treasure ships · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «China: the Ming and Zheng He's voyages» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many historians, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ships	det
2	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 ships	amod
3	treasure	treasure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ships	compound
4	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 said	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 said	aux:pass
6	said	say	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 have	mark
8	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 said	xcomp
9	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 long	cop
10	about	about	ADV	_	11 120	advmod
11	120	120	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 m	nummod
12	m	m	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 long	obl:unmarked
13	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 have	xcomp
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 think	punct
15	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 historians	amod
16	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 think	nsubj
17	think	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 have	parataxis
18	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 smaller	nsubj
19	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 smaller	cop
20	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 think	ccomp
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 bigger	punct
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	27 bigger	cc
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 bigger	nsubj
24	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 bigger	cop
25	still	still	ADV	_	26 much	advmod
26	much	much	ADV	_	27 bigger	advmod
27	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 smaller	conj
28	than	than	ADP	_	31 ships	case
29	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 ships	nmod:poss
30	's	's	PART	_	29 Columbus	case
31	ships	ship	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 bigger	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 said	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · passive		the biggest treasure ships		tree rules
2	have	to-infinitive				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	participle			120 m obl:unmarked; long property	tree rules
4	think speech: other	present	many historians			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is	past	ships = ship		small property	tree rules
6	is	past	ships = ship		than Columbus's ships; big property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:056-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/56-china-the-ming-and-zheng-he-s-voyages/11/