China: 1911, 1949 and Mao, sentence 21
The Great Leap Forward, 1958–1962, aimed at very fast industrial growth; impossible targets and the taking of grain from villages led to a famine in which tens of millions died, by most historians' estimates; the exact number is debated.
Who acts: Forward, Great Leap, tens, most historians · What happens: aim, lead, die, debate, take, estimate · To what, where: Great Leap, fast industrial growth, exact number, grain, villages
This is a sentence of the lesson «China: 1911, 1949 and Mao» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Forward, Great Leap, tens, most historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Forward | det |
| 2 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Leap | amod |
| 3 | Leap | leap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 led | nsubj |
| 4 | Forward | forward | PROPN | _ | 10 aimed | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 1958 | punct |
| 6 | 1958 | 1958 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 Leap | nmod |
| 7 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 8 1962 | case |
| 8 | 1962 | 1962 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 1958 | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 aimed | punct |
| 10 | aimed | aim | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 Leap | acl |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 growth | case |
| 12 | very | very | ADV | _ | 13 fast | advmod |
| 13 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 growth | amod |
| 14 | industrial | industrial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 growth | amod |
| 15 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 aimed | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 targets | punct |
| 17 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 targets | amod |
| 18 | targets | target | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 led | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 taking | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 taking | det |
| 21 | taking | taking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 targets | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 grain | case |
| 23 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 taking | nmod |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 villages | case |
| 25 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 taking | nmod |
| 26 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 famine | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 famine | det |
| 29 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 led | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 which | case |
| 31 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 died | obl |
| 32 | tens | ten | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 died | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 millions | case |
| 34 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 tens | nmod |
| 35 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 famine | acl:relcl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 estimates | punct |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 estimates | case |
| 38 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 39 historians | amod |
| 39 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 estimates | nmod:poss |
| 40 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 39 historians | case |
| 41 | estimates | estimate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 died | obl |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 debated | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 number | det |
| 44 | exact | exact | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 number | amod |
| 45 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 debated | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 debated | aux:pass |
| 47 | debated | debate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 led | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 led | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | aim | participle | the Forward | Great Leap 1958 – 1962 not said here | fast industrial growth | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot leap=Theme | |||
| 2 | lead | past | Great Leap 1958 – 1962 | to a famine | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to famine=Patient | ||||
| 3 | die | past | tens of millions | by most historians's estimates; in a famine | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in which=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | debate | present · passive | the exact number | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent | |||||
| 5 | take | grain | villages | nom taking «act transitive»: of=patient from=place | |||||
| 6 | estimate | most historians | nom estimate «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:058-china-1911-1949-and-mao.lesson:21.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/58-china-1911-1949-and-mao/21/