Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes, sentence 18

Indian Ocean sailors timed their voyages with the seasonal monsoon winds, linking East Africa, Arabia, India and Southeast Asia; Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa grew rich.

Who acts: Indian Ocean sailors, Swahili cities, sailors · What happens: time, link, grow, voyage · To what, where: voyages, East

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian Ocean sailors, Swahili cities, sailors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sailors	amod
2	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 sailors	compound
3	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 timed	nsubj
4	timed	time	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 voyages	nmod:poss
6	voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 timed	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 winds	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 winds	det
9	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 winds	amod
10	monsoon	monsoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 winds	compound
11	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 timed	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 linking	punct
13	linking	link	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 timed	advcl
14	East	East	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 linking	obj
15	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 East	flat
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 Arabia	punct
17	Arabia	Arabia	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Africa	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 India	punct
19	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 East	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Asia	cc
21	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Asia	compound
22	Asia	Asia	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 India	conj
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 cities	punct
24	Swahili	swahili	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 cities	amod
25	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 grew	nsubj
26	like	like	ADP	_	27 Kilwa	case
27	Kilwa	Kilwa	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 cities	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 Mombasa	cc
29	Mombasa	Mombasa	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 Kilwa	conj
30	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 timed	parataxis
31	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 grew	xcomp
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 timed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	time	past	Indian Ocean sailors	sailors's voyages	with the seasonal monsoon winds	vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Theme
2	link	gerund	Indian Ocean sailors not said here	East and India and Southeast Asia		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent east=Patient
3	grow	past	Swahili cities like Kilwa and Mombasa		rich property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	voyage		sailors = sailor			nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/18/