Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes, sentence 22

In 1817 the economist David Ricardo explained that countries gain by doing what they do best and trading, like swapping spare stickers.

Who acts: David, countries · What happens: explain, gain, do, swap · To what, where: 1817, spare stickers · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1817	case
2	1817	1817	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 explained	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 economist	det
4	economist	economist	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 David	appos
5	David	David	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 explained	nsubj
6	Ricardo	Ricardo	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 David	flat
7	explained	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 gain	mark
9	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 gain	nsubj
10	gain	gain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 explained	ccomp
11	by	by	SCONJ	_	12 doing	mark
12	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 gain	advcl
13	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 do	obj
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 do	nsubj
15	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 doing	ccomp
16	best	well	ADV	Degree=Sup	15 do	advmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 trading	cc
18	trading	trading	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 do	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 swapping	punct
20	like	like	SCONJ	_	21 swapping	mark
21	swapping	swap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 do	advcl
22	spare	spare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 stickers	amod
23	stickers	sticker	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 swapping	obj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 explained	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	past	David		1817		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	gain	present	countries				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	do	gerund	countries not said here				tree rules
4	do	present	countries = country			well property	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
5	swap	gerund	countries = country not said here	spare stickers			vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sticker=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:22.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/22/