Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes, sentence 23
In 1956 Malcom McLean started using standard shipping containers; today about four in five tonnes of world trade go by sea.
Who acts: Malcom, four five tonnes · What happens: start, use, go · To what, where: 1956, standard shipping containers
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Malcom, four five tonnes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1956 | case |
| 2 | 1956 | 1956 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 started | obl |
| 3 | Malcom | Malcom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 started | nsubj |
| 4 | McLean | McLean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Malcom | flat |
| 5 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 started | xcomp |
| 7 | standard | standard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 containers | amod |
| 8 | shipping | shipping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 containers | compound |
| 9 | containers | container | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 using | obj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 started | punct |
| 11 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 go | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 four | advmod |
| 13 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 tonnes | nummod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 tonnes | case |
| 15 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 tonnes | nummod |
| 16 | tonnes | tonne | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 go | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 trade | case |
| 18 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 trade | compound |
| 19 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tonnes | nmod |
| 20 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 started | parataxis |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 sea | case |
| 22 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 go | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 started | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | past | Malcom | 1956 | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | use | gerund | Malcom not said here | standard shipping containers | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent container=Patient | ||||
| 3 | go | present | four five tonnes of world trade | today | by sea | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by sea=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:070-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes.lesson:23.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/23/