What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 11
People in Mexico and Central America drank chocolate, often bitter and spicy, for thousands of years; the Aztecs used cacao beans as money, and an English firm sold one of the first chocolate bars in 1847.
Who acts: People, Aztecs, English firm · What happens: drink, use, sell · To what, where: chocolate, cacao beans, one, 1847
This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, Aztecs, English firm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 drank | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 Mexico | case |
| 3 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 People | nmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 America | cc |
| 5 | Central | Central | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 America | flat |
| 6 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Mexico | conj |
| 7 | drank | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | chocolate | chocolate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 drank | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 bitter | punct |
| 10 | often | often | ADV | _ | 11 bitter | advmod |
| 11 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 chocolate | amod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 spicy | cc |
| 13 | spicy | spicy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 bitter | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 thousands | punct |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 thousands | case |
| 16 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 drank | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 years | case |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 thousands | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 used | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Aztecs | det |
| 21 | Aztecs | Aztec | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 used | nsubj |
| 22 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 drank | conj |
| 23 | cacao | cacao | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 beans | compound |
| 24 | beans | bean | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 used | obj |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 money | case |
| 26 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 used | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 sold | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 used | cc |
| 29 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 firm | det |
| 30 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 firm | amod |
| 31 | firm | firm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 sold | nsubj |
| 32 | sold | sell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 drank | conj |
| 33 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 sold | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 bars | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 bars | det |
| 36 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 38 bars | amod |
| 37 | chocolate | chocolate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 bars | compound |
| 38 | bars | bar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 one | nmod |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 1847 | case |
| 40 | 1847 | 1847 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 32 sold | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 drank | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drink | past | People in Mexico and Central America | chocolate | for thousands of years | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient | |||
| 2 | use | past | the Aztecs | cacao beans | as money | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent bean=Duration as money=Attribute | |||
| 3 | sell | past | a English firm | one of the first chocolate bars | 1847 | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/11/