What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 12

Horses died out in the Americas about 10,000 years ago and came back with the Spanish in the 1500s; peoples like the Comanche and Lakota became great horse riders, and a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars suggested horses spread on the Plains earlier than European records say.

Who acts: Horses, peoples, 2023 study, European records · What happens: die out, come back, become, suggest, spread, say · To what, where: 1500s, great horse riders, Plains · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, peoples, 2023 study, European records), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 died	nsubj
2	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	2 died	compound:prt
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 Americas	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Americas	det
6	Americas	Americas	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 died	obl
7	about	about	ADV	_	8 10,000	advmod
8	10,000	10000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 years	nummod
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 ago	obl:unmarked
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	2 died	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 came	cc
12	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 died	conj
13	back	back	ADV	_	12 came	advmod
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 Spanish	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Spanish	det
16	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 came	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 1500s	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 1500s	det
19	1500s	1500	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	12 came	obl
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 peoples	punct
21	peoples	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 became	nsubj
22	like	like	ADP	_	24 Comanche	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 Comanche	det
24	Comanche	Comanche	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 peoples	nmod
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 Lakota	cc
26	Lakota	Lakota	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 Comanche	conj
27	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 died	conj
28	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 riders	amod
29	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 riders	compound
30	riders	rider	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 became	xcomp
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 suggested	punct
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 study	cc
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 study	det
34	2023	2023	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	35 study	nummod
35	study	study	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 suggested	nsubj
36	with	with	ADP	_	38 scholars	case
37	Indigenous	Indigenous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 scholars	amod
38	scholars	scholar	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 study	nmod
39	suggested	suggest	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 died	conj
40	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 spread	nsubj
41	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 suggested	ccomp
42	on	on	ADP	_	44 Plains	case
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 Plains	det
44	Plains	plain	PROPN	Number=Plur	41 spread	obl
45	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	41 spread	advmod
46	than	than	SCONJ	_	49 say	mark
47	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 records	amod
48	records	record	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 say	nsubj
49	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 earlier	advcl
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 died	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	die out	past	Horses			in the Americas; ago property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in americas=Attribute
2	come back	past	Horses not said here		the 1500s	with the Spanish	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1500=Location
3	become	past	peoples like the Comanche and Lakota	great horse riders			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
4	suggest speech: suggest	past	a 2023 study with Indigenous scholars				vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	spread	past	horses		the Plains	early property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on plain=Location
6	say speech: assert	present	European records				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/12/