What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases, sentence 14

Most languages call tea «te» or «cha»: words like «tea» came by sea from the coast of China, where people said «te», and words like «chai» and «çay» came by land routes from places that said «cha».

Who acts: Most languages, people, words, places · What happens: call, come, say · To what, where: tea, coast, te · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most languages, people, words, places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 languages	amod
2	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 call	nsubj
3	call	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 came	parataxis
4	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 call	obj
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 te	punct
6	te	te	X	_	4 tea	appos
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 te	punct
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 »	cc
9	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 cha	punct
10	cha	cha	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 te	conj
11	»	»	X	_	6 te	flat
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 words	punct
13	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 »	conj
14	like	like	ADP	_	16 tea	case
15	«	«	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 tea	det
16	tea	tea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 words	nmod
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 tea	punct
18	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	by	by	ADP	_	20 sea	case
20	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 came	obl
21	from	from	ADP	_	23 coast	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 coast	det
23	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 came	obl
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 China	case
25	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 coast	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 said	punct
27	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	29 said	advmod
28	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 said	nsubj
29	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 came	parataxis
30	«	«	PUNCT	_	31 te	punct
31	te	te	NOUN	Number=Sing Typo=Yes	29 said	obj
32	»	»	PUNCT	_	31 te	punct
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 came	punct
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 words	cc
35	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 came	nsubj
36	like	like	ADP	_	38 chai	case
37	«	«	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 chai	det
38	chai	chai	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 words	nmod
39	»	»	PUNCT	_	38 chai	punct
40	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 çay	cc
41	«	«	PUNCT	_	42 çay	punct
42	çay	çay	X	_	38 chai	conj
43	»	»	PUNCT	_	42 çay	punct
44	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 came	conj
45	by	by	ADP	_	47 routes	case
46	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 routes	compound
47	routes	route	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 came	obl
48	from	from	ADP	_	49 places	case
49	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 routes	nmod
50	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	51 said	nsubj
51	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	49 places	acl:relcl
52	«	«	ADP	_	54 »	case
53	cha	cha	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 »	compound
54	»	»	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 said	obl
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 call	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	call	present	Most languages	tea			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tea=Recipient
2	come	past			the coast of China	by sea	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from coast=Initial_Location
3	say speech: assert	past	people	te			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent te=Topic
4	come	past	words like « chai			by land routes from places	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by route=Location
5	say speech: assert	past	places			« cha »	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:071-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×5, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/14/