Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 0

Imagine your street with no bins, no drains and no taps: every bucket of dirty water poured out of the window, and the drinking water drawn from the same river; for most of history big cities were exactly like that, and many of them often saw more deaths than births.

Who acts: you, dirty water, big cities, many · What happens: imagine, pour out, draw, be, see · To what, where: street, window, drinking water, more deaths

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, dirty water, big cities, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Imagine	imagine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 street	nmod:poss
3	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Imagine	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 bins	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 bins	det
6	bins	bin	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Imagine	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 drains	punct
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 drains	det
9	drains	drain	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bins	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 taps	cc
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 taps	det
12	taps	tap	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bins	conj
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	15 bucket	punct
14	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	15 bucket	det
15	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Imagine	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 water	case
17	dirty	dirty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 water	amod
18	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bucket	nmod
19	poured	pour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 water	acl
20	out	out	ADP	_	23 window	case
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 window	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 window	det
23	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 poured	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 water	punct
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 water	cc
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 water	det
27	drinking	drinking	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 water	compound
28	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 bucket	conj
29	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 water	acl
30	from	from	ADP	_	33 river	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 river	det
32	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 river	amod
33	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 drawn	obl
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	40 cities	punct
35	for	for	ADP	_	36 most	case
36	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	44 that	obl
37	of	of	ADP	_	38 history	case
38	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 most	nmod
39	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 cities	amod
40	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 that	nsubj
41	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 that	cop
42	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	44 that	advmod
43	like	like	ADP	_	44 that	case
44	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	1 Imagine	parataxis
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 saw	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 saw	cc
47	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 saw	nsubj
48	of	of	ADP	_	49 them	case
49	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	47 many	nmod
50	often	often	ADV	_	51 saw	advmod
51	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	44 that	conj
52	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	53 deaths	amod
53	deaths	death	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 saw	obj
54	than	than	ADP	_	55 births	case
55	births	birth	NOUN	Number=Plur	53 deaths	nmod
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Imagine	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	imagine	imperative	you not said here	your street	with no bins and no drains and no taps; every bucket of dirty water and the drinking water obl	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot street=Theme
2	pour out	participle	dirty water not said here	the window		vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient
3	draw	participle		the drinking water not said here	from the same river	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from river=Co-Patient
4	is	past	big cities		like that; for most of history; exactly property	tree rules
5	see	past	many of cities	more deaths	than births; often property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer death=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/0/