Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe, sentence 2

Then, step by step, cities learned to keep people alive: a doctor in London mapped where people fell ill and found a poisoned water pump, an engineer built huge sewers after a summer called the Great Stink, and new rules followed fires and floods.

Who acts: cities, people, engineer, summer, step · What happens: learn, keep, map, fall, find, poison · To what, where: step, people, doctor, poisoned water pump, huge sewers, Great Stink · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cities, people, engineer, summer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 learned	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Then	punct
3	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 learned	obl
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 step	case
5	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 step	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 learned	punct
7	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 learned	nsubj
8	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	10 keep	mark
10	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 learned	xcomp
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 keep	obj
12	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 keep	xcomp
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 mapped	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 doctor	det
15	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 mapped	nsubj:pass
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 London	case
17	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 doctor	nmod
18	mapped	map	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 learned	parataxis
19	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	21 fell	advmod
20	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 fell	nsubj
21	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 mapped	advcl
22	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 fell	xcomp
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 found	cc
24	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 fell	conj
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 pump	det
26	poisoned	poison	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	28 pump	amod
27	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 pump	compound
28	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 found	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 engineer	punct
30	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 engineer	det
31	engineer	engineer	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 pump	appos
32	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 engineer	acl
33	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 sewers	amod
34	sewers	sewer	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 built	obj
35	after	after	ADP	_	37 summer	case
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 summer	det
37	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 built	obl
38	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	37 summer	acl
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 Stink	det
40	Great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 Stink	amod
41	Stink	stink	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 called	xcomp
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 followed	punct
43	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 followed	cc
44	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 rules	amod
45	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 followed	nsubj:pass
46	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 mapped	conj
47	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 followed	obj
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 floods	cc
49	floods	flood	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 fires	conj
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 learned	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	learn	past	cities	step by step	then		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	keep	to-infinitive	cities not said here	people		alive property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
3	map	past · passive		a doctor in London			tree rules
4	fall	past	people			ill property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	find	past	people not said here	a poisoned water pump			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pump=Topic
6	poison	participle					vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
7	build	participle	a engineer not said here	huge sewers	summer		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sewer=Product
8	call	participle	a summer not said here	the Great Stink			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	follow	past · passive		new rules			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP.attribute»: subject=Theme fire=Attribute
10	step		step				nom step «act transitive»: by=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:073-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/2/