Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 15
About 2,000 years ago Hero of Alexandria made a spinning steam toy, but nobody used steam to do work until the first steam engines around 1700; a working engine needed strong metal parts, plenty of fuel like coal and a real job to do, such as pumping water out of mines.
Who acts: Hero, nobody, working engine, real job · What happens: make, spin, use, do, work, need · To what, where: spinning steam toy, steam, work, strong metal parts, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hero, nobody, working engine, real job), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 2,000 | advmod |
| 2 | 2,000 | 2000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 8 made | advmod |
| 5 | Hero | hero | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Alexandria | case |
| 7 | Alexandria | Alexandria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Hero | nmod |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 toy | det |
| 10 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 toy | amod |
| 11 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 toy | compound |
| 12 | toy | toy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 used | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 used | cc |
| 15 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 16 used | nsubj |
| 16 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | conj |
| 17 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 used | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 do | mark |
| 19 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 used | advcl |
| 20 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 do | obj |
| 21 | until | until | ADP | _ | 25 engines | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 engines | det |
| 23 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 25 engines | amod |
| 24 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 engines | compound |
| 25 | engines | engine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 used | obl |
| 26 | around | around | ADP | _ | 27 1700 | case |
| 27 | 1700 | 1700 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 engines | nmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 needed | punct |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 engine | det |
| 30 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 engine | amod |
| 31 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 needed | nsubj |
| 32 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | parataxis |
| 33 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 parts | amod |
| 34 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 parts | compound |
| 35 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 needed | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 plenty | punct |
| 37 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 parts | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 fuel | case |
| 39 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 plenty | nmod |
| 40 | like | like | ADP | _ | 41 coal | case |
| 41 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fuel | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 job | cc |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 job | det |
| 44 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 job | amod |
| 45 | job | job | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 parts | conj |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 do | mark |
| 47 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 45 job | acl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 pumping | punct |
| 49 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 51 pumping | mark |
| 50 | as | as | ADP | _ | 49 such | fixed |
| 51 | pumping | pump | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 45 job | acl |
| 52 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 pumping | obj |
| 53 | out | out | ADP | _ | 54 of | fixed |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 mines | case |
| 55 | mines | mine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 pumping | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | Hero of Alexandria | a spinning steam toy | ago property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Product | |||
| 2 | spin | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | use | past | nobody | steam | until the first steam engines around 1700 | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steam=Patient | |||
| 4 | do | to-infinitive | nobody not said here | work | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | work | gerund | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | need | past | a working engine | strong metal parts and plenty of fuel like coal and a real job | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot part=Theme | ||||
| 7 | do | to-infinitive | a working engine not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | pump | gerund | a real job not said here | water | of mines | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/15/