What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge, sentence 2
Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark helped with fever, which gave the world quinine against malaria, and maize, potatoes and rubber came from Indigenous farmers.
Who acts: Knowledge, Andean peoples, cinchona bark, fever, maize · What happens: flow, know, help, give, come · To what, where: ways, world quinine · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowledge, Andean peoples, cinchona bark, fever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Knowledge | knowledge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 flowed | nsubj |
| 2 | flowed | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 ways | det |
| 4 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 flowed | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 knew | punct |
| 6 | Andean | andean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 peoples | amod |
| 7 | peoples | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 knew | nsubj |
| 8 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 flowed | parataxis |
| 9 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 helped | mark |
| 10 | cinchona | cinchona | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 bark | compound |
| 11 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helped | nsubj |
| 12 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 knew | ccomp |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 fever | case |
| 14 | fever | fever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 helped | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 gave | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 gave | nsubj |
| 17 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 fever | acl:relcl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 world | det |
| 19 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 quinine | compound |
| 20 | quinine | quinine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 gave | obj |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 22 malaria | case |
| 22 | malaria | malaria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 quinine | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 came | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 maize | cc |
| 25 | maize | maize | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 came | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 potatoes | punct |
| 27 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 maize | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 rubber | cc |
| 29 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 maize | conj |
| 30 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 knew | conj |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 farmers | case |
| 32 | Indigenous | Indigenous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 farmers | amod |
| 33 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 came | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 flowed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | past | Knowledge | both ways | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | past | Andean peoples | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | help | past | cinchona bark | with fever | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with fever=Theme | ||||
| 4 | give | past | fever | world quinine | against malaria | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quinine=Theme | |||
| 5 | come | past | maize and potatoes and rubber | from Indigenous farmers | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from farmer=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/2/