Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich, sentence 4
Big numbers are always estimates, and in a war, as in Ukraine since 2022, even counting people becomes hard.
Who acts: Big numbers, counting · What happens: be, count, become · To what, where: estimates, people, war
This is a sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big numbers, counting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 numbers | amod |
| 2 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 estimates | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 estimates | cop |
| 4 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 5 estimates | advmod |
| 5 | estimates | estimate | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 war | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 war | cc |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 war | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 war | det |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 becomes | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 war | punct |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 Ukraine | case |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 Ukraine | case |
| 14 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 estimates | appos |
| 15 | since | since | ADP | _ | 16 2022 | case |
| 16 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 estimates | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 counting | punct |
| 18 | even | even | ADV | _ | 19 counting | advmod |
| 19 | counting | count | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 becomes | csubj |
| 20 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 counting | obj |
| 21 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 estimates | conj |
| 22 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 becomes | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 estimates | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Big numbers | estimates | since 2022 | always property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | count | gerund | people | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | |||||
| 3 | become | present | counting | in a war result; hard property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in war=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/4/