What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 1
Picture a toddler pointing at the fridge and shouting "Juice!"; one word, a pointing finger and a hopeful face are enough, because everyone can see what is going on around the word.
Who acts: you, toddler, everyone · What happens: picture, point, shout, be, see, go on · To what, where: toddler, fridge, Juice, word · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, toddler, everyone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Picture | picture | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 toddler | det |
| 3 | toddler | toddler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Picture | obj |
| 4 | pointing | point | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 toddler | acl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 fridge | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fridge | det |
| 7 | fridge | fridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pointing | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 shouting | cc |
| 9 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 pointing | conj |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Juice | punct |
| 11 | Juice | juice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shouting | obj |
| 12 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 11 Juice | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Juice | punct |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 word | punct |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 word | nummod |
| 16 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fridge | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 finger | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 finger | det |
| 19 | pointing | point | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 finger | amod |
| 20 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 word | conj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 face | cc |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 face | det |
| 23 | hopeful | hopeful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 face | amod |
| 24 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 finger | conj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 enough | cop |
| 26 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 20 finger | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 see | punct |
| 28 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 31 see | mark |
| 29 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 31 see | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 see | aux |
| 31 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Picture | conj |
| 32 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 34 going | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 going | aux |
| 34 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 see | ccomp |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 going | compound:prt |
| 36 | around | around | ADP | _ | 38 word | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 word | det |
| 38 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 going | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Picture | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- other
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=imp, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | picture | imperative | you not said here | a toddler | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent toddler=Theme | ||||
| 2 | point | gerund | a toddler not said here | the fridge and one word and a pointing finger and a hopeful face | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | shout speech: express | gerund | a toddler not said here | Juice | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Topic | ||||
| 4 | point | gerund | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | enough property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | see | can | everyone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | go on | present · progressive | the word | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around word=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/1/