What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 13
Many people in the world grow up bilingual (speaking two languages) or multilingual (speaking several).
Who acts: Many people · What happens: grow up, speak · To what, where: two languages, several · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 people | amod |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 grow | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 world | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 world | det |
| 5 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 people | nmod |
| 6 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | up | up | ADP | _ | 6 grow | compound:prt |
| 8 | bilingual | bilingual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 grow | xcomp |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 10 speaking | punct |
| 10 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 bilingual | advcl |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 languages | nummod |
| 12 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 speaking | obj |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 10 speaking | punct |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 multilingual | cc |
| 15 | multilingual | multilingual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bilingual | conj |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 speaking | punct |
| 17 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 multilingual | advcl |
| 18 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 speaking | obj |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 speaking | punct |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow up | present | Many people in the world | bilingual property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | gerund | Many people in the world not said here | two languages | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | gerund | Many people in the world not said here | several | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/13/