Grammar puzzles, part one, sentence 3
Some sentences have two meanings and grammar alone can't choose: "I saw a man on a hill with a telescope" (who has the telescope?); the fix is to rewrite it.
Who acts: sentences, verb, fix · What happens: have, not choose, see, be · To what, where: two meanings, man, hill, telescope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sentences, verb, fix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 sentences | det |
| 2 | sentences | sentence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 meanings | nummod |
| 5 | meanings | meaning | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 grammar | cc |
| 7 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 meanings | conj |
| 8 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 7 grammar | advmod |
| 9 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 choose | aux |
| 10 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 choose | advmod |
| 11 | choose | choose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 have | conj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 saw | nsubj |
| 15 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 choose | ccomp |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 man | det |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 saw | obj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 hill | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 hill | det |
| 20 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 saw | obl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 telescope | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 telescope | det |
| 23 | telescope | telescope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 saw | obl |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 telescope | punct |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 has | punct |
| 26 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 has | nsubj |
| 27 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 saw | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 telescope | det |
| 29 | telescope | telescope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 has | obj |
| 30 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 27 has | punct |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 has | punct |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 rewrite | punct |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 fix | det |
| 34 | fix | fix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 rewrite | nsubj |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 rewrite | cop |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 rewrite | mark |
| 37 | rewrite | rewrite | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 choose | conj |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 rewrite | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | some sentences | two meanings and grammar | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient | ||||
| 2 | not choose | can | some sentences not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | see in a quote | past | a verb = verb | a man | a hill | with a telescope | tree rules | ||
| 4 | have | present | the telescope | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Patient | |||||
| 5 | is | present | the fix | rewrite property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/3/