Grammar puzzles, part one, sentence 4
A comma can rescue a dog: "My hobbies are cooking my dog and reading" sounds terrible, but "My hobbies are cooking, my dog, and reading" is a happy list.
Who acts: comma, hobbies, cooking · What happens: rescue, cook, read, sound, be · To what, where: dog, happy list · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (comma, hobbies, cooking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 comma | det |
| 2 | comma | comma | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rescue | nsubj |
| 3 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 rescue | aux |
| 4 | rescue | rescue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 dog | det |
| 6 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 rescue | obj |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 rescue | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 cooking | punct |
| 9 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 hobbies | nmod:poss |
| 10 | hobbies | hobby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cooking | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 cooking | aux |
| 12 | cooking | cook | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 sounds | csubj |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 dog | nmod:poss |
| 14 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 cooking | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 reading | cc |
| 16 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 cooking | conj |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 cooking | punct |
| 18 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 rescue | parataxis |
| 19 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 sounds | xcomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 list | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 list | cc |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 cooking | punct |
| 23 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 hobbies | nmod:poss |
| 24 | hobbies | hobby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 cooking | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 cooking | aux |
| 26 | cooking | cook | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 list | csubj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 dog | punct |
| 28 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 dog | nmod:poss |
| 29 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 cooking | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 reading | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 reading | cc |
| 32 | reading | read | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 cooking | conj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 cooking | punct |
| 34 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 list | cop |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 list | det |
| 36 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 list | amod |
| 37 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 sounds | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 rescue | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rescue | can | a comma | a dog | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | ||||
| 2 | cook in a quote | present · progressive | My hobbies | my dog | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dog=Patient | ||||
| 3 | read in a quote | gerund | My hobbies not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | sound | present | cooking | terrible property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | cook in a quote | present · progressive | My hobbies | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | read in a quote | gerund | My hobbies not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is a | present | cooking | a happy list | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/4/