Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 10
"To boldly go" puts a word between "to" and the verb; some 1800s grammar writers called this wrong because Latin can't do it, but most modern style guides say it is fine.
Who acts: go, 1800s grammar writers, Latin, most style guides · What happens: put, call, not do, say, be · To what, where: word, this, go · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (go, 1800s grammar writers, Latin, most style guides), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 puts | punct |
| 2 | To | to | PART | _ | 4 go | mark |
| 3 | boldly | boldly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 go | advmod |
| 4 | go | go | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 puts | nsubj |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 go | punct |
| 6 | puts | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 word | det |
| 8 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 puts | obj |
| 9 | between | between | ADP | _ | 11 to | case |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 to | punct |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 word | nmod |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 to | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 verb | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 verb | det |
| 15 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 to | conj |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 called | punct |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 writers | det |
| 18 | 1800s | 1800 | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 writers | compound |
| 19 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 writers | compound |
| 20 | writers | writer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 called | nsubj |
| 21 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 puts | parataxis |
| 22 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 called | obj |
| 23 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 called | xcomp |
| 24 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 28 do | mark |
| 25 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 do | nsubj |
| 26 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 do | aux |
| 27 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 do | advmod |
| 28 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 called | advcl |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 do | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 say | punct |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 say | cc |
| 32 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 guides | amod |
| 33 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 style | amod |
| 34 | style | style | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 guides | compound |
| 35 | guides | guide | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 say | nsubj |
| 36 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 puts | conj |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 fine | nsubj |
| 38 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 fine | cop |
| 39 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 say | ccomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 puts | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | present | go | a word | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme between to=Destination | ||||
| 2 | call | past | some 1800s grammar writers | this | wrong property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient | |||
| 3 | not do | can | Latin | go | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present | most style guides | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | present | go | fine property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/10/