Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 9

Double negatives were normal in Chaucer's English in the 1300s and are normal in Ukrainian and French; standard English uses only one.

Who acts: Double negatives, standard English · What happens: be, use · To what, where: English, Ukrainian, one

This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Double negatives, standard English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 negatives	amod
2	negatives	negative	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 normal	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 normal	cop
4	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 English	case
6	Chaucer	chaucer	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 English	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Chaucer	case
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 normal	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 1300s	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 1300s	det
11	1300s	1300	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 normal	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 normal	cc
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 normal	cop
14	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 normal	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 Ukrainian	case
16	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 normal	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 French	cc
18	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Ukrainian	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 uses	punct
20	standard	standard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 English	amod
21	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 uses	nsubj
22	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 normal	parataxis
23	only	only	ADV	_	24 one	advmod
24	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 uses	obj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 normal	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	Double negatives		Chaucer's English	in the 1300s; normal property	tree rules
2	is	present	Double negatives not said here		Ukrainian and French	normal property	tree rules
3	use	present	standard English	one			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/9/