Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 11
"We was" is used in many British dialects; standard English says "we were".
Who acts: standard English, we · What happens: use, say, be · To what, where: We, many British dialects · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (standard English, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
| 2 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 We | dep |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 was | punct |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 used | aux:pass |
| 6 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 dialects | case |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 dialects | amod |
| 9 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 dialects | amod |
| 10 | dialects | dialect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 used | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 says | punct |
| 12 | standard | standard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 English | amod |
| 13 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 says | nsubj |
| 14 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 used | parataxis |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 were | punct |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 were | nsubj |
| 17 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 says | ccomp |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 were | punct |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 used | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present · passive | We | many British dialects | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | standard English | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | be in a quote | past | we | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/11/