Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 13
In the world, more people speak English as a second language than as a first, in many local varieties.
Who acts: more people · What happens: speak · To what, where: English, world · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (more people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 world | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 world | det |
| 3 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 speak | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 world | punct |
| 5 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 people | amod |
| 6 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 speak | nsubj |
| 7 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 speak | obj |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 language | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 language | det |
| 11 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 language | amod |
| 12 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 speak | obl |
| 13 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 16 first | mark |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 first | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 first | det |
| 16 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 language | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 varieties | punct |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 varieties | case |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 varieties | amod |
| 20 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 varieties | amod |
| 21 | varieties | variety | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 speak | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 speak | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | present | more people | English | the world | as a second language; in many local varieties | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/13/