Where English came from, sentence 1
Old English looks like a secret code today; the famous poem "Beowulf" begins "Hwæt!
Who acts: Old English, famous poem · What happens: look, begin · To what, where: Hwæt
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old English, famous poem), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 English | amod |
| 2 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | nsubj |
| 3 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 code | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 code | det |
| 6 | secret | secret | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 code | amod |
| 7 | code | code | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | obl |
| 8 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 begins | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 poem | det |
| 11 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 poem | amod |
| 12 | poem | poem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 begins | nsubj |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Beowulf | punct |
| 14 | Beowulf | Beowulf | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 poem | appos |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 Beowulf | punct |
| 16 | begins | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 looks | parataxis |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 Hwæt | punct |
| 18 | Hwæt | Hwæt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 begins | obj |
| 19 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | present | Old English | today | like a secret code | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | begin | present | the famous poem | Hwæt | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hwæt=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/1/