Where English came from, sentence 4

Later the vowel sounds slid about, the printing press arrived, and spelling got stuck while the sounds kept moving, which is one reason English spelling is so odd today.

Who acts: vowel sounds, printing press, spelling, sounds, English spelling · What happens: slide, arrive, get, keep, move, be · To what, where: one reason

This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vowel sounds, printing press, spelling, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 slid	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 sounds	det
3	vowel	vowel	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sounds	compound
4	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 slid	nsubj
5	slid	slide	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	about	about	ADV	_	5 slid	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 arrived	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 press	det
9	printing	printing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 press	compound
10	press	press	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 arrived	nsubj
11	arrived	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 slid	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 got	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 got	cc
14	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 got	nsubj
15	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 arrived	conj
16	stuck	stuck	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 got	xcomp
17	while	while	SCONJ	_	20 kept	mark
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 sounds	det
19	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 kept	nsubj
20	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 got	advcl
21	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 kept	xcomp
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 odd	punct
23	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 reason	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 reason	cop
25	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	26 reason	nummod
26	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 moving	acl:relcl
27	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 spelling	amod
28	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 odd	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 odd	cop
30	so	so	ADV	_	31 odd	advmod
31	odd	odd	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 reason	acl
32	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 odd	obl:unmarked
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 slid	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	slide	past	the vowel sounds			about, late property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	arrive	past	the printing press				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	get	past	spelling			stuck property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
4	keep	past	the sounds				tree rules
5	move	gerund	the sounds not said here				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
6	is a	present		one reason			tree rules
7	is	present	English spelling	one reason not said here	today	odd property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/4/