Where English came from, sentence 15
William Caxton brought the printing press to England in 1476; printers had to choose spellings, and many of their choices stuck.
Who acts: William, printers, many · What happens: bring, have, choose, stick · To what, where: printing press, England, 1476, spellings
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (William, printers, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | William | William | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 brought | nsubj |
| 2 | Caxton | Caxton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 William | flat |
| 3 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 press | det |
| 5 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 press | compound |
| 6 | press | press | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 brought | obj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 England | case |
| 8 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 brought | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 1476 | case |
| 10 | 1476 | 1476 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 brought | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 had | punct |
| 12 | printers | printer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 had | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 brought | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 choose | mark |
| 15 | choose | choose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 had | xcomp |
| 16 | spellings | spelling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 choose | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 stuck | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 stuck | cc |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 stuck | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 choices | case |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 choices | nmod:poss |
| 22 | choices | choice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 many | nmod |
| 23 | stuck | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 had | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 brought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | past | William | the printing press | England | 1476 | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent press=Theme to england=Destination | ||
| 2 | have | past | printers | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | choose | to-infinitive | printers not said here | spellings | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Theme | ||||
| 4 | stick | past | many of printers's choices | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/15/