Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 1

At dinner Mum says "We're having beef tonight", not "cow tonight"; after 1066 French-speaking lords ate the meat while English-speaking farmers looked after the animals, so the animal kept its English name and the meat got a French one.

Who acts: Mum, We, French speaking lords, speaking farmers, animal, meat · What happens: say, have, speak, eat, look, keep · To what, where: dinner, beef, meat, English name, French one · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mum, We, French speaking lords, speaking farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 Mum	case
2	dinner	dinner	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	obl
3	Mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 having	punct
6	We	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 having	nsubj
7	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 having	aux
8	having	have	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 says	ccomp
9	beef	beef	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 having	obj
10	tonight	tonight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 having	obl:unmarked
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 having	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 tonight	punct
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 tonight	advmod
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 cow	punct
15	cow	cow	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 tonight	compound
16	tonight	tonight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 having	parataxis
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 tonight	punct
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 1066	punct
19	after	after	ADP	_	20 1066	case
20	1066	1066	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 ate	obl
21	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 lords	compound
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	21 French	punct
23	speaking	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	24 lords	amod
24	lords	lord	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 ate	nsubj
25	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	parataxis
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 meat	det
27	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 ate	obj
28	while	while	SCONJ	_	33 looked	mark
29	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 speaking	compound
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	31 speaking	punct
31	speaking	speak	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	32 farmers	amod
32	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 looked	nsubj
33	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 ate	advcl
34	after	after	ADP	_	36 animals	case
35	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 animals	det
36	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 looked	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 kept	punct
38	so	so	ADV	_	41 kept	advmod
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 animal	det
40	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 kept	nsubj
41	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 looked	parataxis
42	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	44 name	nmod:poss
43	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 name	amod
44	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 kept	obj
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	48 got	cc
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	47 meat	det
47	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 got	nsubj
48	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	41 kept	conj
49	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	51 one	det
50	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 one	amod
51	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 got	obj
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Mum	dinner		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have in a quote	present · progressive	We	beef	tonight	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beef=Patient
3	speak speech: other	gerund				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	eat	past	French speaking lords	the meat	after 1066	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient
5	speak speech: other	gerund				vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	look	past	speaking farmers		after the animals	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
7	keep	past	the animal	meat's English name		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme
8	get	past	the meat	a French one		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus
9	name		meat			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/1/