Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 2
Before that the Vikings, who spoke Old Norse, had already given English everyday words like "sky", "egg", "window" and even "they".
Who acts: Vikings · What happens: speak, give · To what, where: Old Norse, that · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vikings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 4 Vikings | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 given | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Vikings | det |
| 4 | Vikings | viking | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 given | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 spoke | punct |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 spoke | nsubj |
| 7 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 Vikings | acl:relcl |
| 8 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Norse | amod |
| 9 | Norse | Norse | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 spoke | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 Vikings | punct |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 given | aux |
| 12 | already | already | ADV | _ | 13 given | advmod |
| 13 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 words | amod |
| 15 | everyday | everyday | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 words | amod |
| 16 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 given | obj |
| 17 | like | like | ADP | _ | 23 egg | case |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 sky | punct |
| 19 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 words | nmod |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 sky | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 sky | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 egg | punct |
| 23 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sky | conj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 egg | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 window | punct |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 window | punct |
| 27 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 words | appos |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 window | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 " | cc |
| 30 | even | even | ADV | _ | 33 " | advmod |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 they | punct |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 " | nsubj |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 given | punct |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 given | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other | past | the Vikings | Old Norse | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | give | past · perfect | the Vikings | that | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/2/