Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 14
"Mayday", the radio call for help, comes from French "m'aider", from "venez m'aider", "come and help me"; it was chosen in the 1920s.
Who acts: Mayday · What happens: come, help, choose · To what, where: French m'aider, cutting, p.m., 1920s · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mayday), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mayday | punct |
| 2 | Mayday | mayday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 comes | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mayday | punct |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 call | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 call | det |
| 6 | radio | radio | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 call | compound |
| 7 | call | call | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Mayday | appos |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 help | case |
| 9 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 call | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Mayday | punct |
| 11 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 m'aider | case |
| 13 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 m'aider | amod |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 m'aider | punct |
| 15 | m'aider | m'aider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 comes | obl |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 m'aider | punct |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 m'aider | punct |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 m'aider | case |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 m'aider | punct |
| 20 | venez | venez | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 m'aider | amod |
| 21 | m'aider | m'aider | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 m'aider | appos |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 m'aider | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 come | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 come | punct |
| 25 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 comes | parataxis |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 help | cc |
| 27 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 come | conj |
| 28 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 help | obj |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 come | punct |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 chosen | punct |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 chosen | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 chosen | aux:pass |
| 33 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 comes | parataxis |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 1920s | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 1920s | det |
| 36 | 1920s | 1920s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 33 chosen | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 comes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present | Mayday | French m'aider | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come in a quote | infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | help in a quote | infinitive | cutting | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | choose | past · passive | p.m. | the 1920s | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/14/