Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 15
English took many food words from French, like menu, restaurant, café, croissant, baguette and chef; "chef" means "chief" or "head" in French.
Who acts: English, chef · What happens: take, mean · To what, where: many food words, French, chief
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, chef), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 took | nsubj |
| 2 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 words | amod |
| 4 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 words | compound |
| 5 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 took | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 French | case |
| 7 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 took | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 menu | punct |
| 9 | like | like | ADP | _ | 10 menu | case |
| 10 | menu | menu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 words | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 restaurant | punct |
| 12 | restaurant | restaurant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 menu | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 café | punct |
| 14 | café | café | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 menu | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 croissant | punct |
| 16 | croissant | croissant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 café | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 baguette | punct |
| 18 | baguette | baguette | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 café | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 chef | cc |
| 20 | chef | chef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 baguette | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 means | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 chef | punct |
| 23 | chef | chef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 means | nsubj |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 chef | punct |
| 25 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 took | parataxis |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 chief | punct |
| 27 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 means | obj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 chief | punct |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 head | cc |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 head | punct |
| 31 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 chief | conj |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 head | punct |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 French | case |
| 34 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 means | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 took | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | English | many food words | French | like menu and restaurant and café and croissant and baguette and chef | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent word=Theme from french=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | mean | present | chef | chief or head | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot chief=Theme in french=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/15/