Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 4
The most common little words, like "the", "and", "you" and "water", are still mostly Old English; many of the long, fancy ones are borrowed.
Who acts: common little words · What happens: be, borrow · To what, where: many
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (common little words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 words | det |
| 2 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 3 common | advmod |
| 3 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 words | amod |
| 4 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 words | amod |
| 5 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 Old | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 " | punct |
| 7 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 14 " | mark |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 the | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 " | det |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 " | punct |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 " | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 " | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 " | cc |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 words | punct |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 " | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 you | punct |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 words | appos |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 you | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 water | cc |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 water | punct |
| 21 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 you | conj |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 water | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 words | punct |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 Old | cop |
| 25 | still | still | ADV | _ | 27 Old | advmod |
| 26 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 27 Old | advmod |
| 27 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 28 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Old | nsubj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 borrowed | punct |
| 30 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 borrowed | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 ones | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ones | det |
| 33 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 ones | amod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 long | punct |
| 35 | fancy | fancy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 ones | amod |
| 36 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 many | nmod |
| 37 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 borrowed | aux:pass |
| 38 | borrowed | borrow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 Old | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 Old | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the common little words | still | mostly, old property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | borrow | present · passive | many of the long fancy ones | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/4/