Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, sentence 5
After 1066 English kept its animal words (cow, pig, sheep) but took French meat words: beef from "bœuf", pork from "porc", mutton from "mouton".
Who acts: English, many · What happens: keep, take, word · To what, where: animal words, French meat words
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 1066 | case |
| 2 | 1066 | 1066 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 kept | obl |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 kept | nsubj |
| 4 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 words | nmod:poss |
| 6 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 words | compound |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 kept | obj |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 9 cow | punct |
| 9 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 words | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pig | punct |
| 11 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 cow | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sheep | punct |
| 13 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cow | conj |
| 14 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 9 cow | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 took | cc |
| 16 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 kept | conj |
| 17 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 words | amod |
| 18 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 words | compound |
| 19 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 took | obj |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 21 beef | punct |
| 21 | beef | beef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 words | appos |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 bœuf | case |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 bœuf | punct |
| 24 | bœuf | bœuf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beef | nmod |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 bœuf | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 pork | punct |
| 27 | pork | pork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beef | conj |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 porc | case |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 porc | punct |
| 30 | porc | porc | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 pork | nmod |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 porc | punct |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 mutton | punct |
| 33 | mutton | mutton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 beef | conj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 36 mouton | case |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 mouton | punct |
| 36 | mouton | mouton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 mutton | nmod |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 mouton | punct |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 kept | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | past | English | many's animal words | after 1066 | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | |||
| 2 | take | past | English not said here | French meat words | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | ||||
| 3 | word | many | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:023-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/5/