Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 0
Words travel with people, ships, trade and food; when English speakers met people from India, the Arab world, China, Japan and Ukraine, they came home with new words.
Who acts: Words, English speakers, speakers · What happens: travel, meet, come · To what, where: people, India
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words, English speakers, speakers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 travel | nsubj |
| 2 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 people | case |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 travel | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 ships | punct |
| 6 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 people | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 trade | punct |
| 8 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 people | conj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 food | cc |
| 10 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 people | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 met | punct |
| 12 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 15 met | mark |
| 13 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 speakers | amod |
| 14 | speakers | speaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 met | nsubj |
| 15 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 came | advcl |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 met | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 India | case |
| 18 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 people | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 world | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 world | det |
| 21 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 world | amod |
| 22 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 India | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 China | punct |
| 24 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 India | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Japan | punct |
| 26 | Japan | Japan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 India | conj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Ukraine | cc |
| 28 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 India | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 came | punct |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 came | nsubj |
| 31 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 travel | parataxis |
| 32 | home | home | ADV | _ | 31 came | advmod |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 words | case |
| 34 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 words | amod |
| 35 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 came | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 travel | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | present | Words | with people and ships and trade and food | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | meet | past | English speakers | people | India and the Arab world and China and Japan and Ukraine | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Co-Agent | |||
| 3 | come | past | speakers = speaker | with new words; home property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/0/