Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 11

"Kowtow" comes from Chinese for "knock head", a deep bow touching the forehead to the ground; in English it now means being too eager to obey.

Who acts: Kowtow, deep bow, forehead · What happens: come, touch, mean, be, obey · To what, where: deep bow, Chinese, forehead · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kowtow, deep bow, forehead), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Kowtow	punct
2	Kowtow	kowtow	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 comes	nsubj
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 Kowtow	punct
4	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 Chinese	case
6	Chinese	Chinese	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 comes	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 head	case
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 head	punct
9	knock	knock	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 head	compound
10	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 Chinese	obl
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 head	punct
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 bow	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 bow	det
14	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bow	amod
15	bow	bow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 comes	obl
16	touching	touch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 bow	acl
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 forehead	det
18	forehead	forehead	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 touching	obj
19	to	to	ADP	_	21 ground	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 ground	det
21	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 touching	obl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 means	punct
23	in	in	ADP	_	24 English	case
24	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 means	obl
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 means	nsubj
26	now	now	ADV	_	27 means	advmod
27	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 comes	parataxis
28	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	30 eager	cop
29	too	too	ADV	_	30 eager	advmod
30	eager	eager	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 means	ccomp
31	to	to	PART	_	32 obey	mark
32	obey	obey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 eager	xcomp
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 comes	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Kowtow	a deep bow	Chinese			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from chinese=Initial_Location
2	touch	gerund	a deep bow not said here	the forehead			to the ground	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme forehead=Co-Theme
3	mean	present	forehead			now	in English	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute
4	is	gerund					eager property	tree rules
5	obey	to-infinitive						vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/11/