Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 13
"Borscht", the beetroot soup closely linked to Ukraine, reached English through Yiddish from the Slavic word "борщ"; in 2022 UNESCO listed Ukrainian borscht cooking as heritage needing urgent protection.
Who acts: Borscht, UNESCO, heritage · What happens: link, reach, list, need · To what, where: beetroot soup, Ukraine, English, Yiddish, Ukrainian borscht cooking, 2022
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Borscht, UNESCO, heritage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Borscht | punct |
| 2 | Borscht | borscht | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Borscht | punct |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 soup | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 soup | det |
| 6 | beetroot | beetroot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 soup | compound |
| 7 | soup | soup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Borscht | appos |
| 8 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 9 linked | advmod |
| 9 | linked | link | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 soup | acl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 Ukraine | case |
| 11 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 linked | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Borscht | punct |
| 13 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 reached | obj |
| 15 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 Yiddish | case |
| 16 | Yiddish | Yiddish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 reached | obl |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 word | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 word | det |
| 19 | Slavic | slavic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 word | amod |
| 20 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 reached | obl |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 борщ | punct |
| 22 | борщ | борщ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 word | appos |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 борщ | punct |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 UNESCO | punct |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 2022 | case |
| 26 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 listed | obl |
| 27 | UNESCO | UNESCO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 listed | nsubj |
| 28 | listed | list | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 reached | parataxis |
| 29 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 cooking | amod |
| 30 | borscht | borscht | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cooking | compound |
| 31 | cooking | cooking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 listed | obj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 33 heritage | case |
| 33 | heritage | heritage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 listed | obl |
| 34 | needing | need | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 heritage | acl |
| 35 | urgent | urgent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 protection | amod |
| 36 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 needing | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 reached | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | link | participle | the beetroot soup not said here | Ukraine | closely property | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient to ukraine=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | reach | past | Borscht | English | Yiddish | from the Slavic word | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent english=Theme from word=Source | ||
| 3 | list | past | UNESCO | Ukrainian borscht cooking | 2022 | as heritage | tree rules | ||
| 4 | need | gerund | heritage not said here | urgent protection | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot protection=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/13/