Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 15
From Sanskrit, the ancient language of India, came "guru" (teacher), "pundit" (learned person) and "avatar" (a god coming to earth in a body, now also your character in a game).
Who acts: guru, god · What happens: come, learn · To what, where: Sanskrit, body
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guru, god), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 2 Sanskrit | case |
| 2 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 came | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Sanskrit | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 language | det |
| 5 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 language | amod |
| 6 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Sanskrit | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 India | case |
| 8 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 language | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 language | punct |
| 10 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 guru | punct |
| 12 | guru | guru | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 came | nsubj |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 guru | punct |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 15 teacher | punct |
| 15 | teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 guru | appos |
| 16 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 15 teacher | punct |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 pundit | punct |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 pundit | punct |
| 19 | pundit | pundit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 guru | conj |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 pundit | punct |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 person | punct |
| 22 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 person | amod |
| 23 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 pundit | appos |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 person | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 avatar | cc |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 avatar | punct |
| 27 | avatar | avatar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 guru | conj |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 avatar | punct |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 31 god | punct |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 god | det |
| 31 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 avatar | appos |
| 32 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 god | acl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 earth | case |
| 34 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 coming | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 body | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 body | det |
| 37 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 coming | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 character | punct |
| 39 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 42 character | advmod |
| 40 | also | also | ADV | _ | 42 character | advmod |
| 41 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 character | nmod:poss |
| 42 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 god | parataxis |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 game | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 game | det |
| 45 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 character | nmod |
| 46 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 character | punct |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 came | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | guru and pundit and avatar | Sanskrit | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sanskrit=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | learn | participle | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | come | gerund | a god not said here | a body | to earth | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to earth=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/15/