Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 2
Your breakfast may be full of travellers: "coffee" and "sugar" came from Arabic, "tea" from a Chinese language, and "ketchup" probably started as a Chinese fish sauce.
Who acts: breakfast, coffee, ketchup · What happens: be, come, start · To what, where: Arabic
This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (breakfast, coffee, ketchup), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 breakfast | nmod:poss |
| 2 | breakfast | breakfast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 full | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 full | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 full | cop |
| 5 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 travellers | case |
| 7 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 full | obl |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 came | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 coffee | punct |
| 10 | coffee | coffee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | nsubj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 coffee | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 sugar | cc |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sugar | punct |
| 14 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 coffee | conj |
| 15 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 sugar | punct |
| 16 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 full | parataxis |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 Arabic | case |
| 18 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 came | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 tea | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 tea | punct |
| 21 | tea | tea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | parataxis |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 tea | punct |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 language | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 language | det |
| 25 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 language | amod |
| 26 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 came | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 started | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 started | cc |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 ketchup | punct |
| 30 | ketchup | ketchup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 started | nsubj |
| 31 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 ketchup | punct |
| 32 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 33 started | advmod |
| 33 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 came | conj |
| 34 | as | as | ADP | _ | 38 sauce | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 sauce | det |
| 36 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 sauce | amod |
| 37 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sauce | compound |
| 38 | sauce | sauce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 started | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 full | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- hedged
- yes
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | may | Your breakfast | of travellers; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | past | coffee and sugar | Arabic | from a Chinese language | tree rules | |||
| 3 | start | past | ketchup | as a Chinese fish sauce; probably property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/2/