Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more, sentence 3

Many words changed on the way, passing through several languages and sometimes changing meaning, so a word's story can be like a map of a long journey.

Who acts: Many words, story · What happens: change, pass, be · To what, where: way, several languages, meaning

This is a sentence of the lesson «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many words, story), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 words	amod
2	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changed	nsubj
3	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 way	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 passing	punct
8	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 changed	advcl
9	through	through	ADP	_	11 languages	case
10	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 languages	amod
11	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 passing	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 changing	cc
13	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	14 changing	advmod
14	changing	change	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 passing	conj
15	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 changing	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 map	punct
17	so	so	ADV	_	26 map	advmod
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 word	det
19	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 story	nmod:poss
20	's	's	PART	_	19 word	case
21	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 map	nsubj
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 map	aux
23	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	26 map	cop
24	like	like	ADP	_	26 map	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 map	det
26	map	map	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 changed	obl
27	of	of	ADP	_	30 journey	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 journey	det
29	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 journey	amod
30	journey	journey	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 map	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 changed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	change	past	Many words		the way		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	pass	gerund	Many words not said here		several languages		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through language=Location
3	change	gerund	Many words not said here	meaning		sometimes property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient
4	is	can	a word's story			like a map; of a long journey	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:024-borrowed-words-from-far-away.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/3/