Sarcasm and tone of voice, sentence 9
In texts there is no voice or face, so sarcasm is easily misunderstood; tone tags like "/s" (sarcastic) and "/j" (joking) or emoji can help.
Who acts: voice, tone tags · What happens: be, misunderstand, help · To what, where: texts, sarcasm
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm and tone of voice» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, tone tags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 texts | case |
| 2 | texts | text | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 is | obl |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 is | expl |
| 4 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 misunderstood | advcl |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 voice | det |
| 6 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 is | nsubj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 face | cc |
| 8 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 voice | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 misunderstood | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 misunderstood | advmod |
| 11 | sarcasm | sarcasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 misunderstood | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 misunderstood | aux:pass |
| 13 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 14 misunderstood | advmod |
| 14 | misunderstood | misunderstand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 help | punct |
| 16 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tags | compound |
| 17 | tags | tag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 help | nsubj |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 21 s | case |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 s | punct |
| 20 | / | / | SYM | _ | 21 s | punct |
| 21 | s | s | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tags | nmod |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 s | punct |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 24 sarcastic | punct |
| 24 | sarcastic | sarcastic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tags | conj |
| 25 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 24 sarcastic | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 j | cc |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 j | punct |
| 28 | / | / | SYM | _ | 29 j | punct |
| 29 | j | j | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tags | conj |
| 30 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 j | punct |
| 31 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 32 joking | punct |
| 32 | joking | joke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 j | parataxis |
| 33 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 32 joking | punct |
| 34 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 35 emoji | cc |
| 35 | emoji | emoji | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 j | conj |
| 36 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 help | aux |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 misunderstood | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 is | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no voice or face | texts; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in text=Location | ||||
| 2 | misunderstand | present · passive | sarcasm | easily property | vn comprehend-87.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | help | can | tone tags like s and sarcastic and j or emoji | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:029-sarcasm-and-tone-of-voice.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/29-sarcasm-and-tone-of-voice/9/