How babies learn to talk, sentence 10

In 1958 the scientist Jean Berko Gleason made the "wug test": children who had never heard "wug" still said "two wugs", which showed they know rules, not just copied words.

Who acts: scientist, children, two wugs · What happens: make, not hear, say, show, know, not copy · To what, where: wug test, 1958, wug, two wugs, rules · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientist, children, two wugs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 1958	case
2	1958	1958	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 made	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 scientist	det
4	scientist	scientist	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	nsubj
5	Jean	Jean	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 made	nsubj
6	Berko	Berko	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Jean	flat
7	Gleason	Gleason	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Jean	flat
8	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 test	det
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 test	punct
11	wug	wug	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 test	compound
12	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 made	obj
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	12 test	punct
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 heard	punct
15	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 said	nsubj
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 heard	nsubj
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 heard	aux
18	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	19 heard	advmod
19	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 children	acl:relcl
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 wug	punct
21	wug	wug	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 heard	obj
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	21 wug	punct
23	still	still	ADV	_	24 said	advmod
24	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 made	parataxis
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 wugs	punct
26	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	27 wugs	nummod
27	wugs	wug	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 said	obj
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 wugs	punct
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 showed	punct
30	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 showed	nsubj
31	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	27 wugs	acl:relcl
32	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 know	nsubj
33	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 showed	ccomp
34	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 know	obj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 words	punct
36	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 copied	advmod
37	just	just	ADV	_	39 words	advmod
38	copied	copy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	39 words	amod
39	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 rules	conj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	make	past	the scientist	the wug test	1958		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset test=Product
2	not hear	past · perfect	children	wug			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer wug=Stimulus
3	say speech: assert	past	children	two wugs		still	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent wug=Topic
4	show	past	two wugs				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	know	present	Children = child	rules and copied words			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus
6	not copy	participle					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:031-how-babies-learn-to-talk.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/10/