Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 10

Because endings show who does what, Ukrainian word order is freer: "Кота бачить собака" still means "the dog sees the cat".

Who acts: endings, Кота, dog · What happens: show, do, be, бачить, mean, see · To what, where: собака, cat · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (endings, Кота, dog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	3 show	mark
2	endings	ending	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 show	nsubj
3	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 freer	advcl
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 does	nsubj
5	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 show	ccomp
6	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 does	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 show	punct
8	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 order	compound
9	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 order	compound
10	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 freer	compound
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 freer	cop
12	freer	free	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 бачить	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 бачить	punct
15	Кота	Кота	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 бачить	nsubj
16	бачить	бачить	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 means	parataxis
17	собака	собака	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 бачить	obj
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 собака	punct
19	still	still	ADV	_	20 means	advmod
20	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 freer	parataxis
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 sees	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 dog	det
23	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 sees	nsubj
24	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 means	ccomp
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 cat	det
26	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 sees	obj
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 sees	punct
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 freer	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	endings				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	present					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality
3	is	present				free property	tree rules
4	бачить in a quote	past	Кота	собака			tree rules
5	mean	present			still		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6	see in a quote	present	the dog	the cat			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/10/