Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 11
Ukrainian has two words for "you": "ти" for friends and family, and "ви" for teachers, strangers or several people; old English had "thou" and "you" in a similar way.
Who acts: Ukrainian, old English · What happens: have · To what, where: two words, thou, similar way
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 words | nummod |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 has | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 you | case |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 you | punct |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 words | nmod |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 you | punct |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 ти | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 ти | punct |
| 11 | ти | ти | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | conj |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 ти | punct |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 friends | case |
| 14 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ти | nmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 family | cc |
| 16 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 friends | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 ви | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ви | cc |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 ви | punct |
| 20 | ви | ви | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ти | appos |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 ви | punct |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 teachers | case |
| 23 | teachers | teacher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 ви | nmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 strangers | punct |
| 25 | strangers | stranger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 teachers | conj |
| 26 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 people | cc |
| 27 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 people | amod |
| 28 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 teachers | conj |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 had | punct |
| 30 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 English | amod |
| 31 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 had | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 has | parataxis |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 thou | punct |
| 34 | thou | thou | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 had | obj |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 thou | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 you | cc |
| 37 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 you | punct |
| 38 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 thou | conj |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 you | punct |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 way | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 way | det |
| 42 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 way | amod |
| 43 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 had | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Ukrainian | two words | for you | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | |||
| 2 | have | past | old English | thou | a similar way | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/11/