Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 9

The calling form is called the vocative: "Мамо!", "Тарасе!" for Taras, "Олено!" for Olena; Old English had a calling form too but lost it.

Who acts: Old English · What happens: call, have, lose · To what, where: calling form, vocative · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 form	det
2	calling	calling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 form	compound
3	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 called	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 called	aux:pass
5	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 vocative	det
7	vocative	vocative	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 called	xcomp
8	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 Мамо	punct
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 Мамо	punct
10	Мамо	Мамо	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 vocative	appos
11	!	!	PUNCT	_	10 Мамо	punct
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 Мамо	punct
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 Тарасе	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 Тарасе	punct
15	Тарасе	Тарасе	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Мамо	conj
16	!	!	PUNCT	_	15 Тарасе	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 Тарасе	punct
18	for	for	ADP	_	19 Taras	case
19	Taras	Taras	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 called	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 Олено	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 Олено	punct
22	Олено	Олено	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Taras	appos
23	!	!	PUNCT	_	22 Олено	punct
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	22 Олено	punct
25	for	for	ADP	_	26 Olena	case
26	Olena	Olena	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Taras	nmod
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	30 had	punct
28	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 English	amod
29	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	30 had	nsubj
30	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 called	parataxis
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 form	det
32	calling	calling	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 form	compound
33	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 had	obj
34	too	too	ADV	_	30 had	advmod
35	but	but	CCONJ	_	36 lost	cc
36	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 had	conj
37	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 lost	obj
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 called	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, polarity=none, voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present · passive		the calling form	for Taras for Olena	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for taras=Beneficiary
2	have	past	Old English	a calling form		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Patient
3	lose	past	Old English not said here	vocative		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/9/