Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 8
English mostly uses word order and small words instead of cases, but pronouns like he, him and his still change a little.
Who acts: English, pronouns · What happens: use, change · To what, where: word order, little
This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, pronouns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | nsubj |
| 2 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 3 uses | advmod |
| 3 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 order | compound |
| 5 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 cases | cc |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 words | amod |
| 8 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 order | conj |
| 9 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 11 cases | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 instead | fixed |
| 11 | cases | case | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 order | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 change | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 change | cc |
| 14 | pronouns | pronoun | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 change | nsubj |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 he | case |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 pronouns | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 him | punct |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 he | conj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 his | cc |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 he | conj |
| 21 | still | still | ADV | _ | 22 change | advmod |
| 22 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 uses | conj |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 little | det |
| 24 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 change | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | English | word order and small words and cases | mostly property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Patient | |||
| 2 | change | present | pronouns like English | a little | still | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/8/