Ukrainian compared with English, sentence 6

Ukrainian has no words for "a" or "the" (no articles); "Кіт спить" can mean "a cat sleeps" or "the cat sleeps", and the situation shows which.

Who acts: Ukrainian, Кіт спить, cat, situation · What happens: have, mean, sleep, show · To what, where: words · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian, Кіт спить, cat, situation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 words	det
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	15 articles	case
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 a	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 words	nmod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 a	punct
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 articles	cc
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 the	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 a	conj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 the	punct
13	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 articles	punct
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	15 articles	det
15	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 words	nmod
16	)	)	PUNCT	_	15 articles	punct
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 mean	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 спить	punct
19	Кіт	Кіт	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 спить	compound
20	спить	спить	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 mean	nsubj
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 спить	punct
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 mean	aux
23	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 articles	parataxis
24	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 sleeps	punct
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 cat	det
26	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 sleeps	nsubj
27	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 mean	ccomp
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	27 sleeps	punct
29	or	or	CCONJ	_	33 sleeps	cc
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 sleeps	punct
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 cat	det
32	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 sleeps	nsubj
33	sleeps	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 sleeps	conj
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 sleeps	punct
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 shows	punct
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 shows	cc
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 situation	det
38	situation	situation	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 shows	nsubj
39	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 sleeps	conj
40	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	39 shows	obj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Ukrainian	no words a	for no articles	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
2	mean	can	Кіт спить			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	sleep in a quote	present	a cat			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	sleep in a quote	present	the cat			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	show	present	the situation			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:033-ukrainian-compared-with-english.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×4, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/6/