Mandarin compared with English, sentence 11

"Gung ho" came into English in the 1940s from a Chinese slogan, "gōnghé", understood as "work together"; in English it now means very, sometimes too, eager.

Who acts: Gung ho, ho · What happens: come, understand, work together, mean · To what, where: English, Chinese slogan · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gung ho, ho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 ho	punct
2	Gung	Gung	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ho	compound
3	ho	ho	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 ho	punct
5	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 English	case
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 came	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 1940s	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 1940s	det
10	1940s	1940	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	5 came	obl
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 slogan	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 slogan	det
13	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 slogan	amod
14	slogan	slogan	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 came	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 gōnghé	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 gōnghé	punct
17	gōnghé	gōnghé	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 slogan	appos
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 gōnghé	punct
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 understood	punct
20	understood	understand	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 slogan	acl
21	as	as	SCONJ	_	23 work	mark
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 work	punct
23	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 understood	advcl
24	together	together	ADV	_	23 work	advmod
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 work	punct
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 means	punct
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 English	case
28	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 means	obl
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 means	nsubj
30	now	now	ADV	_	31 means	advmod
31	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 came	parataxis
32	very	very	ADV	_	37 eager	advmod
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 eager	punct
34	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	37 eager	advmod
35	too	too	ADV	_	37 eager	advmod
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 eager	punct
37	eager	eager	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 means	xcomp
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 came	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	Gung ho		English		in the 1940s; from a Chinese slogan	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into english=Initial_Location from slogan=Destination
2	understand	participle		a Chinese slogan not said here				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	work together in a quote	infinitive					together property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	mean	present	ho			now	in English; eager property	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/11/