Mandarin compared with English, sentence 14

Some say "long time no see" is a word-for-word copy of Chinese "好久不见"; others link it to a different source, and the origin is still argued about.

Who acts: Some, time no see, others · What happens: say, be, link, argue, copy · To what, where: word, see, origin, Chinese 好久不见 · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Some, time no see, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 say	nsubj
2	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 see	punct
4	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 time	amod
5	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	compound
6	no	no	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 see	compound
7	see	see	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 word	nsubj
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 see	punct
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 word	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 copy	det
11	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 say	ccomp
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 copy	punct
13	for	for	ADP	_	16 copy	case
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 for	punct
15	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 copy	compound
16	copy	copy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 word	appos
17	of	of	ADP	_	20 好久不见	case
18	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 好久不见	amod
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 好久不见	punct
20	好久不见	好久不见	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 copy	nmod
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 好久不见	punct
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	24 link	punct
23	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 link	nsubj
24	link	link	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 say	parataxis
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 link	obj
26	to	to	ADP	_	29 source	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 source	det
28	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 source	amod
29	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 link	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 argued	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	36 argued	cc
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 origin	det
33	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 argued	nsubj:pass
34	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 argued	aux:pass
35	still	still	ADV	_	36 argued	advmod
36	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 link	conj
37	about	about	ADV	_	36 argued	advmod
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 say	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Some				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	time no see	word			tree rules
3	link	present	others	see		to a different source	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient to source=Co-Patient
4	argue speech: disagree	present · passive		the origin	still	about property	vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic
5	copy			Chinese 好久不见			nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/14/