Mandarin compared with English, sentence 15
Mandarin and Cantonese sound so different that speakers can't understand each other's speech, though they share much of the writing system.
Who acts: Mandarin, speakers · What happens: sound, not understand, share · To what, where: speech, much
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin, speakers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mandarin | Mandarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 sound | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 Cantonese | cc |
| 3 | Cantonese | Cantonese | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Mandarin | conj |
| 4 | sound | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 different | advmod |
| 6 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 sound | xcomp |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 understand | mark |
| 8 | speakers | speaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 understand | nsubj |
| 9 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 understand | aux |
| 10 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 understand | advmod |
| 11 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 different | advcl |
| 12 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 other | det |
| 13 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 speech | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 other | case |
| 15 | speech | speech | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 understand | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 share | punct |
| 17 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 19 share | mark |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 share | nsubj |
| 19 | share | share | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sound | conj |
| 20 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 share | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 system | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 system | det |
| 23 | writing | writing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 system | compound |
| 24 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 much | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sound | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sound | present | Mandarin and Cantonese | different property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | not understand | can | speakers | each other's speech | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer speech=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | share | present | speakers = speaker | much | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/15/