Mandarin compared with English, sentence 4
Mandarin is a tonal language: the same sounds with different pitch patterns make different words; it has four main tones and a neutral tone.
Who acts: Mandarin, same sounds, work · What happens: be, make, have · To what, where: tonal language, different words, four main tones
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mandarin, same sounds, work), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mandarin | Mandarin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 language | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 language | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 language | det |
| 4 | tonal | tonal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 language | amod |
| 5 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 sounds | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sounds | det |
| 8 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sounds | amod |
| 9 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 make | nsubj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 patterns | case |
| 11 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 patterns | amod |
| 12 | pitch | pitch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 patterns | compound |
| 13 | patterns | pattern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sounds | nmod |
| 14 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 language | parataxis |
| 15 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 words | amod |
| 16 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 make | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 has | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 has | nsubj |
| 19 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 language | parataxis |
| 20 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 tones | nummod |
| 21 | main | main | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 tones | amod |
| 22 | tones | tone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 has | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 tone | cc |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tone | det |
| 25 | neutral | neutral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 tone | amod |
| 26 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 tones | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 language | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Mandarin | a tonal language | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | present | the same sounds with different pitch patterns | different words | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset word=Product | ||||
| 3 | have | present | work | four main tones and a neutral tone | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tone=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:034-mandarin-compared-with-english.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/4/